精萘的健康影響與暴露途徑

Health effects and exposure pathways of refined naphthalene

健康影響

Health impact

對(duì)紅細(xì)胞的影響：如果接觸大劑量的精萘，人體的紅細(xì)胞可能會(huì)被破壞或摧毀，導(dǎo)致溶血性貧血。兒童如果食用用精萘制成的樟腦丸，也可能會(huì)損害紅細(xì)胞。

The impact on red blood cells: If exposed to high doses of naphthalene, the body's red blood cells may be damaged or destroyed, leading to hemolytic anemia. If children consume camphor balls made from refined naphthalene, it may also damage their red blood cells.

其他癥狀：接觸精萘還可能出現(xiàn)惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉和尿血等癥狀。在一些動(dòng)物中，食用或呼吸精萘?xí)?dǎo)致白內(nèi)障，但目前尚不清楚對(duì)人類是否有同樣的影響。白內(nèi)障會(huì)使視力模糊，難以看清。

Other symptoms: Exposure to naphthalene may also cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematuria. In some animals, consuming or breathing naphthalene can cause cataracts, but it is currently unclear whether it has the same effect on humans. Cataract can make vision blurry and difficult to see clearly.

對(duì)小鼠的影響：暴露于精萘蒸氣兩年的小鼠，其鼻子和肺部會(huì)發(fā)炎和受刺激。

Effects on mice: Mice exposed to naphthalene vapor for two years will experience inflammation and irritation in their nose and lungs.

暴露途徑

Exposure pathway

呼吸污染空氣：在生產(chǎn)精萘的行業(yè)工作，如煤焦油生產(chǎn)、木材防腐、制革、油墨和染料生產(chǎn)或燃燒木材、煤炭或石油的行業(yè)，可能會(huì)通過(guò)呼吸污染空氣而接觸到精萘。

Breathing polluted air: Working in industries that produce refined naphthalene, such as coal tar production, wood preservation, leather making, ink and dye production, or industries that burn wood, coal, or petroleum, may come into contact with refined naphthalene through breathing polluted air.

接觸含萘物品：接觸使用過(guò)樟腦丸的衣服或毯子也可能接觸到精萘。

Contact with naphthalene containing items: Clothing or blankets that have been used with camphor balls may also come into contact with refined naphthalene.

飲食污染食物和水：雖然可以通過(guò)食用或飲用受污染的食物和水接觸到精萘，但這不是常見(jiàn)的接觸來(lái)源。實(shí)際上，食物中精萘的含量尚不清楚。

Dietary contamination of food and water: Although it is possible to come into contact with refined naphthalene through consuming or drinking contaminated food and water, this is not a common source of exposure. In fact, the content of refined naphthalene in food is still unclear.

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